The Burgundian Wars Battle of Nancy

In late  1476, despite earlier defeats at Grandson and Murten, Duke Charles the Bold of  Burgundy  moved to besiege the city of Nancy which had been taken by Duke Rene II of Lorraine earlier in the year. Fighting severe winter weather, the Burgundian army encircled the city and Charles hoped to win a swift victory as he knew Rene to be gathering a relief force. Despite the siege conditions, the garrison at Nancy remained active and sortied against the Burgundians. In one foray, they succeeded in capturing 900 of Charless men. Rene Approaches Outside the city walls, Charless situation was made more complicated by the fact that his army was not linguistically unified as it possessed Italian mercenaries, English archers, Dutchmen, Savoyards, as well as his Burgundian troops. Acting with financial support from Louis XI of France, Rene succeeded in assembling 10 to 12,000 men from Lorraine and the Lower Union of the Rhine. To this force, he added 10,000 Swiss mercenaries. Moving deliberately, Rene began his advance on Nancy in early January. Marching through the winter snows, they arrived south of the city on the morning of Jan. 5, 1477. The Battle of Nancy Moving swiftly, Charles began deploying his smaller army to meet the threat. Making use of the terrain, he positioned his army across a valley with a small stream to its front. While his left was anchored on the River Meurthe, his right rested on an area of thick woods. Arranging his troops, Charles positioned his infantry and thirty field guns in the center with his cavalry on the flanks. Assessing the Burgundian position, Rene and his Swiss commanders decided against a frontal assault believing that it could not succeed. Instead, the decision was made to have the largely Swiss vanguard (Vorhut) move forward to attack Charless left, while the center (Gewalthut) swung to the left through the forest to attack the enemy right. After a march that lasted around two hours, the center was in position slightly behind Charless right. From this location, the Swiss alpenhorns sounded three times and Renes men charged down through the woods. As they slammed into Charless right, his cavalry succeeded in driving off their Swiss opposites, but his infantry was soon overwhelmed by superior numbers. As Charles desperately began shifting forces to realign and reinforce his right, his left was driven back by Renes vanguard. With his army collapsing, Charles and his staff frantically worked to rally their men but with no success. With the Burgundian army in mass retreat toward Nancy, Charles was swept along until his party was surrounded by a group of Swiss troops. Attempting to fight their way out, Charles was struck in the head by a Swiss halberdier and killed. Falling from his horse, his body was found three days later. With the Burgundians fleeing, Rene advanced to Nancy and lifted the siege. Aftermath While the casualties for the Battle of Nancy are not known, with Charless death the Burgundian Wars effectively came to an end. Charless Flemish lands were transferred to the Hapsburgs when Archduke Maximilian of Austria married Mary of Burgundy. The Duchy of Burgundy reverted to French control under  Louis XI. The performance of the Swiss mercenaries during the campaign further bolstered their reputation as superb soldiers and led to their increased use across Europe.

Comparison Of Greek And Ancient Chinese Concepts Of Logic

According to James Allen, the aim of logic is to validate an argument (351). But under the differences of various cultures, how is this definition achieved? In Chinese and Greek rhetoric, or what we have come to generalize as the term rhetoric, an examination of logic can show how critical a role it took in both cultures and how enduring those concepts have been. Before a comparison between Greek and Ancient Chinese concepts of logic can be made, it is important to note that discussing rhetoric in this fashion is difficult because of disparities in translation. In fact, the term rhetoric doesn t clearly encompass the discourse of Ancient China due to the fact that this generalized word is a Western invention. Therefore, the use of logic†¦show more content†¦The School of Ming appeared to focus on logic and reasoning, but the contemporaries of Confucius often tended to use the term bian more frequently and offered an inclusion of logic and rational argument in its meaning (454). While ming is mostly focused on truth, bian appears to absorb this and many other factors of argument and speech. So, for the sake of specificity in this essay, the focus for logic should remain on ming but also how the other terms function within its realm. Ming, in the most basic sense, was coined by Confucius, who described the term as the rectification of names and also claimed that if names are not rectified, speech will not be smooth (Lu 82). To rectify is to make right or to correct something, so in the scope of logic, ming would seem to suggest that logic follows in the correct discourse of the speaker. We can be sure that within the realm of logic, truth would be of importance, and truth is what is correct. It is difficult to capture the true meaning of a term like ming without looking at the various ways that the term was used in ancient China. On one hand, ming represented proper expression, and in another, it was referred to as honor by Laozi (Lu 82). But what does this have to do with logic? In Mingjia, Deng Xi was

Digital Communication Management for Clothing - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDigital Communication Management for Clothing and Makeup. Answer: Fashion is a popular practice or style that is found in spheres of footwear, clothing, makeup, body or accessories. Fashion is a trend which is constant and distinctive which determines the style of dressing by a person. Fashion encompasses the prevalent styles in new creations and behavior from designers of textiles. Fashion is usually determined by various factors. These factors are economical, political, technologies and social. These factors can be examined with the use of a pest analysis to determine the rate of decline or growth in a specific trend[1]. Fashion has a strong way of influencing the way in which people live, dress and approach life. Fashion can be able to sway individuals in a way which will make them feel more confident and they can stand out whenever they are in any setting. Fashion is an amazing influence within society and I shall focus on some specific pieces which will describe the kind of fashion I like and how it can influence you by making you look outstan ding. The outdoors are an amazing environment to be in. The outfit an individual wears while outdoors needs to be thought out completely to ensure that they look well and stand out. When going for an outdoor hike one should be able to dress for the occasion. The key factors to consider are the shoes. A hike calls for someone to wear shoes which are comfortable but can also get the job done as you walk in different terrain[2]. I prefer boots for hikes because they are very hardy and will not let you down. The disadvantage of boots are that they might be bulky and heavy to walk in. However sourcing a boot which is light and yet hardy is also possible in ensuring you enjoy the hike. Another good way to accessorize and try out fashion in the outdoors is through using your backyard. Most backyards are lavish with a green porch and trees which make the ambiance amazing[3]. You can try various outfits which match well as you are in your backyard to find out what will work well for you when in the outdoors during different seasons. This form of testing in fashion is something fun and can be enjoyed especially when you are trying to make some of your old clothes bring out a new meaning in life. On a good day the outdoors are comprised of a good sunny day. The sun however can sometimes be a problem and that is why while in the outdoors an individual should have a good hat or a pair of sunglasses that match with the theme of what you are wearing. Marketing is the management and study of exchange relationships. Marketing used to keep, satisfy and create a customer. The customer is usually the primary focus of any marketing activities. Marketing has been termed as one of the key components in terms of business management. A marketing manager is the individual who is in charge of ensuring that the marketing plans of an organization are effective and will achieve the set objectives. Most businesses need a marketing department or engage in a marketing campaign to ensure that their business will grow. In any marketing campaign the marketers should be able to develop an appropriate marketing plan which will target a specific target market. This will ensure that any marketing campaign being carried out will be successful and help grow an organizations profits and market share. In our specific case as a marketing manager I will be in charge of describing a marketing campaign which I organized on a boat company in which I worked in[4]. There are various dream boats that come in all sizes and shapes. These sizes and shapes of dream boats vary depending on the target species and the fish which is being targeted. Dream boats are a representation of an anglers vision and imagination. Based on research from various regular and seasonal fishermen I will be able to describe a dream boat which is preferred as a very good fishing boat[5]. The Southport 29 is an amazing fish boat which is a yatch fishing machine and its design is of good quality. The Southport 29 is an amazing fishing boat that comprises of 600 horse power, an aft ball rigging station, a 45 gallon livewell, a hardtop with tricolor led, a tecma marine head and a swimming platform. The impression an individual can get as they see and use the Southport 29 is that it is a hard fishing boat and it makes you look good as you fish. The boat has an average of 7 seconds while accelerating from zero to 30 miles per hour. It can achieve 6000 revolutions per minute with a top speed of 51.8 miles per hours. The optimal cruise is 29 miles per hour with 3500 revolutions per minute. The Southport 29 is a dream boat which can enable an individual to stand safely on the foredeck and cast for stripers on the rocky coastline. The Southpark 29 is very comfortable for fishing having a ten and a half foot beam.There is a closed cell foam which has been injected in the boat for strength and flotation purposes[6]. Plexus adhesive has been bonded to the stringer, cockpit liner and the hull. The helm has an acrylic windscreen which has been molded to be in line with the rake of the console. There are 12 inch multifunction displays which are accommodated in the console face. There is a standard Thetford Tecma marine head in the console which pullout shower in the sink which offers comfort to the family. The Southport 29 has been built and accessorized with the hardcore fisherman in mind[7]. Rather than being stripped down it is fully featured making it the best kind of boa for discriminating anglers form both worlds. The boat can be summarized as an amazing build which can handle rough waters and enable fishermen to do hardcore fishing a s they get to enjoy the luxury of being in a boat. Technology has been able to revolutionize the way in which we live and operate in our professional and personal lives.Technology has been able to positively impact businesses immensely. It has revolutionized the way in which businesses conduct their operations. The use of technology has enabled small businesses to compete with large corporations in various industries because it has in some way level the playing field in terms of customer reach[8]. It is advisable for small businesses to have digital strategies to ensure they grow in terms of profit margins in which they achieve and their market share. Small businesses specifically should utilize technology to reduce the costs which are associated with running their operations[9]. Business technology has automated back office operations such as accounting, payroll and record keeping. Secure environments can be created by business owners with the utilization of technology in maintaining consumer and business information secure. Technol ogy being used in businesses enables them to improve on their communication. The use of texts, emails, websites and personal digital products to aid them in improving the way in which they interact with their clients. The use of technology has enabled companies to easily target various demographics of their market so that they can maximize their sales[10]. It also enables them to gain customer feedback which helps them understand the need of their clients and the ways they can improve themselves to satisfy their clients. Technology has increased the productivity of businesses. Business software and computer programs have enabled businesses to process more information than when operations were done manually with their employees. The use of technology has enabled companies to spend less money on human labor and more on technology which does operations faster and more efficiently. The use of technology also enables business owners to easily expand their operations. Technology is usually very easy to upgrade and integrate to ensure that any updates which come up can easily become part of the business operations. In the case of using employees to implement new operations it would take a longer time and more money for a company[11]. The time used to train employees on doing new operations can cost the company but with the use of technology this new operations can be implemented almost immediately. Technology improves the potential output of a business which is important in growing its profits and market sh are. Technology has also the potential of bringing different markets and clients together. This is important because it will give a business access to a global market without having to invest heavily in various locations. Outsourcing of various business operations has also been able to save other businesses a lot of money in terms of operation and infrastructure cost. It has also invested a new breed of businesses such as virtual assistants which were not present before. There are various benefits and disadvantages associated with the use of technology[12]. As with any industry it is important to work on the strengths and weaknesses to ensure the overall goals are achieved. Bibliography Al-Hassani, Woodcok and Saoud (2004), 'Muslim Heritage in Our World', FSTC publishing, pp. 389 Brook T. (1999) "The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China" . University of California Press Chekitan S. D. Schultz E. D. (2005). "In the Mix: A Customer-Focused Approach Can Bring the Current Marketing Mix into the 21st Century". Marketing Management v.14 n.1. Church R. Godley A. (2003). The Emergence of Modern Marketing, London, Frank Cass. Fashion (2012, March 29). Wwd. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.wwd.com/fashion-news. For a discussion of the use of the terms "fashion", "dress", "clothing", and "costume" by professionals in various disciplines, see Valerie Cumming, Understanding Fashion History, "Introduction", Costume Fashion Press. (2004). n.p. Hollander S. C., Rassuli K. M., Jones D. G. B., Dix and Farlow L. (2005). "Periodization in Marketing History," Journal of Macromarketing, Vol 25, no.1, pp 32-41. Paliwoda S. J., Ryans K. J. (2008). "Back to first principles". International Marketing: Modern and Classic Papers (1st ed.). p. 25. "Swarming the shelves: How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales?". The Economist. 2006-11-11. p. 90. Tedlow R. S. Jones G. G. (2014). The Rise and Fall of Mass Marketing. Routledge. Undressing Cinema: Clothing and identity in the movies. (2012). p. 196. Weitz, Barton A. Wensley R. (2002). Handbook of Marketing.

Spanish Colonization free essay sample

The  Philippine  islands first came to the attention of Europeans with the Spanish expedition around the world led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. Magellan landed on the island of Cebu, claiming the lands for Spain and naming them Islas de San Lazaro. He set up friendly relations with some of the local chieftains and converted some of them to Roman Catholicism. However, Magellan was killed by natives, led by a local chief named Lapu-Lapu, who go up against foreign domination. Over the next several decades, other Spanish expeditions were send off to the islands. In 1543, Ruy Lopez de Villalobos led an expedition to the islands and gave the name Las Islas Filipinas (after Philip II of Spain) to the islands of Samar and Leyte. The name would later be given to the entire archipelago. Spanish colonization Permanent Spanish settlement was not established until 1565 when an expedition led by the Conquistadores, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, arrived in Cebu from Mexico (New Spain). We will write a custom essay sample on Spanish Colonization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Spanish leadership was soon established over many small independent communities that previously had known no central rule. Six years later, following the defeat of the local Muslim ruler, Rajah Solayman, Legazpi established a capital at Manila, a location that offered the excellent harbor of Manila Bay, a large population, and proximity to the ample food supplies of the central Luzon rice lands. Manila became the center of Spanish government, including military, religious, and commercial activities in the islands. Despite the opposition of the Portuguese, who desired to maintain their monopoly on East Indies trade, the Spanish had secured a foothold in the Philippines, which became their outpost as the Spanish East Indies. The Philippines was administered as a province of New Spain until Mexican independence (1821). Occupation of the islands was accomplished with relatively little bloodshed, partly because most of the population (except the Muslims) offered little armed resistance initially. A significant problem the Spanish faced was the subjugation of the Muslims of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. The Muslims, in response to attacks on them from the Spanish and their native allies, raided areas of Luzon and the Visayas that were under Spanish colonial control. The Spanish conducted intermittent military campaigns against the Muslims, but without conclusive results until the middle of the 19th century. Church and state were inseparably linked in Spanish policy, with the state assuming responsibility for religious establishments. One of Spains objectives in colonizing the Philippines was the conversion of the local population to Roman Catholicism. The work of conversion was facilitated by the absence of other organized religions, except for Islam, which predominated in the south. The pageantry of the church had a wide appeal, reinforced by the incorporation of Filipino social customs into religious observances. The eventual outcome was a new Roman Catholic majority of the main Austronesian lowland population, from which the Muslims of Mindanao and the upland tribal peoples of Luzon remained detached and alienated (such as the Ifugaos of the Cordillera region and the Mangyans of Mindoro). At the lower levels of administration, the Spanish built on traditional village organization by co-opting local leaders. This system of indirect rule helped create a Filipino upper class, called the principalia, who had local wealth, high status, and other privileges. This perpetuated an oligarchic system of local control. Among the most significant changes under Spanish rule was that the Filipino idea of communal use and ownership of land was replaced with the concept of private ownership and the conferring of titles on members of the principalia. The Philippines was not profitable as a colony, and a long war with the Dutch in the 17th century and intermittent conflict with the Muslims nearly bankrupted the colonial treasury. Colonial income derived mainly from entrepot trade: The Manila Galleons sailing from Acapulco on the west coast of New Spain brought shipments of silver bullion and minted coin that were exchanged for return cargoes of Chinese goods. There was no direct trade with Spain. The invasion of the Filipinos by Spain did not begin in earnest until 1564, when another expedition from New Spain, commanded by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, arrived. Permanent  Spanish settlement was not established until 1565 when an expedition led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Governor-General of the  Philippines, arrived in Cebu from New Spain. Spanish leadership was soon established over many small independent communities that previously had known no central rule. Six years later, following the defeat of the local Muslim ruler, Legazpi established a capital at Manila, a location that offered the outstanding harbor of Manila Bay, a large population, and closeness to the sufficient food supplies of the central Luzon rice lands. Manila became the center of Spanish civil, military, religious, and commercial activity in the islands. By 1571, when Lopez de Legaspi established the Spanish city of Manila on the site of a Moro town he had conquered the year before, the Spanish grip in the  Philippines  was secure which became their outpost in the East Indies, in spite of the opposition of the Portuguese, who desired to maintain theirmonopoly  on East Asian  trade. The  Philippines  was administered as a province of New Spain (Mexico) until Mexican independence (1821). Manila revolted the attack of the Chinese pirate Limahong in 1574. For centuries before the Spanish arrived the Chinese had  traded  with the Filipinos, but evidently none had settled permanently in the islands until after the conquest. Chinese  trade  and labor were of great importance in the early development of the Spanish colony, but the Chinese came to be feared and hated because of their increasing numbers, and in 1603 the Spanish murdered thousands of them (later, there were lesser massacres of the Chinese). The Spanish governor, made a viceroy in 1589, ruled with the counsel of the powerful royal audiencia. There were frequent uprisings by the Filipinos, who disliked the encomienda system. By the end of the 16th cent. Manila had become a leading commercial center of East Asia, carrying on a prosperous  trade  with China, India, and the East Indies. The  Philippines  supplied some wealth (including gold) to Spain, and the richly loaded galleons plying between the islands and New Spain were often attacked by English freebooters. There was also trouble from other quarters, and the period from 1600 to 1663 was marked by continual wars with the Dutch, who were laying the foundations of their rich empire in the East Indies, and with Moro pirates. One of the most difficult problems the Spanish faced was the defeat of the Moros. Irregular campaigns were conducted against them but without conclusive results until the middle of the 19th century. As the power of the Spanish Empire diminished, the Jesuit orders became more influential in the  Philippines  and obtained great amounts of property. Occupation of the islands was accomplished with relatively little bloodshed, partly because most of the population (except the Muslims) offered little armed battle initially. A significant problem the Spanish faced was the invasion of the Muslims of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. The Muslims, in response to attacks on them from the Spanish and their native allies, raided areas of Luzon and the Visayas that were under Spanish colonial control. The Spanish conducted intermittent military campaigns against the Muslims, but without conclusive results until the middle of the 19th century. Church and state were inseparably  linked in  Spanish policy, with the state assuming responsibility for religious establishments. One of Spains objectives in colonizing the  Philippines  was the conversion of Filipinos to Catholicism. The work of conversion was facilitated by the absence of other organized religions, except for Islam, which predominated in the south. The pageantry of the church had a wide plea, reinforced by the incorporation of Filipino social customs into religious observances. The eventual outcome was a new Christian majority of the main Malay lowland population, from which the Muslims of Mindanao and the upland tribal peoples of Luzon remained detached and separated. At the lower levels of administration, the Spanish built on traditional village organization by co-opting local leaders. This system of indirect ule helped create in a Filipino upper  class, called the principalia, who had local wealth, high status, and other privileges. This achieved an oligarchic system of local control. Among the most significant changes under Spanish rule was that the Filipino idea of public use and ownership of land was replaced with the concept of private ownership and the granting of titles on members of the principalia. The  Philippines  was not profitable as a colony, and a long war with the Dutch in the 17th century and intermittent conflict with the Muslims nearly bankrupted the colonial treasury. Colonial income derived mainly from entrepot  trade: The Manila Galleons sailing from Acapulco on the west coast of Mexico brought shipments of silver bullion and minted coin that were exchanged for  return  cargoes of Chinese goods. There was no direct  trade  with Spain. Decline of Spanish rule Spanish rule on the  Philippines  was briefly interrupted in 1762, when British troops invaded and occupied the islands as a result of Spains entry into the Seven Years War. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 brought back Spanish rule and the British left in 1764. The brief British occupation weakened Spains grip on power and sparked rebellions and demands for independence. In 1781, Governor-General Jose Basco y Vargas founded the Economic Society of Friends of the  Country. The  Philippines  by this time was administered directly from Spain. Developments in and out of the  country  helped to bring new ideas to the  Philippines. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cut  travel time  to Spain. This prompted the rise of the ilustrados, an enlightened Filipino upper  class, since many young Filipinos were able to study in Europe. Enlightened by the Propaganda Movement to the injustices of the Spanish colonial  government  and the frailocracy, the ilustrados originally clamored for adequate representation to the Spanish Cortes and later for independence. Jose Rizal, the most celebrated intellectual and essential illustrado of the era, wrote the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which greatly inspired the movement for independence. The Katipunan, a secret society whose primary principle was that of overthrowing Spanish rule in the  Philippines, was founded by Andres Bonifacio who became its Supremo (leader). The  Philippine  Revolution began in 1896. Rizal was concerned in the outbreak of the revolution and executed for treason in 1896. The Katipunan split into two groups, Magdiwang led by Andres Bonifacio and Magdalo led by Emilio Aguinaldo. Conflict between the two revolutionary leaders ended in the execution or assassination of Bonifacio by Aguinaldos soldiers. Aguinaldo agreed to a treaty with the Pact of Biak na Bato and Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries were exiled to Hong Kong. It was the opposition to the power of the clergy that in large measure brought about the rising attitude for independence. Spanish injustices, prejudice, and economic oppressions fed the movement, which was greatly inspired by the brilliant writings of Jose Rizal. In 1896 revolution began in the province of Cavite, and after the execution of Rizal that December, it spread throughout the major islands. The Filipino leader, Emilio Aguinaldo, achieved considerable success before a peace was patched up with Spain. The peace was short-lived, however, for neither side honored its agreements, and a new revolution was made when the Spanish-American War broke out in 1898. The Spanish-American war started in 1898 after the USS Maine, sent to Cuba in connection with an attempt to arrange a peaceful resolution between Cuban independence ambitions and Spanish colonialism, was sunk in Havana harbor. After the U. S. naval victory led by Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish squadron at Manila Bay on May 1, 1898, the U. S. invited Aguinaldo to return to the Philippines, which he did on May 19, 1898, in the hope he would rally Filipinos against the Spanish colonial government. By the time U. S. land forces had arrived, the Filipinos had taken control of the entire island of Luzon, except for the walled city of Intramuros Manila, which they were besieging. On June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo declared the independence of the Philippines in Kawit, Cavite, establishing the First Philippine Republic under Asias first democratic constitution. Their dreams of independence were crushed when the Philippines were transferred from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1898), which closed the Spanish-American War. Concurrently, a German squadron under Admiral Diedrichs arrived in Manila and declared that if the United States did not grab the Philippines as a colonial possession, Germany would. Since Spain and the U. S. ignored the Filipino representative, Felipe Agoncillo, during their negotiations in the Treaty of Paris, the Battle of Manila between Spain and the U. S. was alleged by some to be an attempt to exclude the Filipinos from the eventual occupation of Manila. Although there was substantial domestic opposition, the United States decided neither to return the Philippines to Spain, nor to allow Germany to take over the Philippines. Therefore, in addition to Guam and Puerto Rico, Spain was forced in the negotiations to hand over the Philippines to the U. S. in exchange for US$20,000,000. 00, which the U. S. later claimed to be a gift from Spain. The first Philippine Republic rebelled against the U. S. occupation, resulting in the Philippine-American War (1899–1913). The Spanish colonization of the Philippines began in earnest with the arrival on the shores of Cebu in April 1565 of an expeditionary force led by a minor Spanish colonial official from Mexico named Miguel Lopez de Legaspi. The new Spanish king Felipe II who had ascended the throne in 1556 gave a fresh impetus to the colonial ambitions of his father Carlos V by ordering the Viceroy of Mexico to make preparations for a new expedition. By 1564, the Royal Audiencia of Mexico gave the instructions that were to guide Legaspi’s mission to the Philippines. He was ordered to undertake the voyage for the discovery and possession of the so-called  Islas del Poniente  or Western Islands, which included the islands discovered by Magellan and named subsequently by Villalobos as  Felipinas, in honor of the Spanish King. Among his objectives in these lands were to search for spices, spread the Catholic faith and establish settlements where it might be fitting or advantageous to the crown and the propagation of the faith. He was provided with ships, supplies, weapons and men who were paid at the port where they were to depart. A foothold in Cebu: 1565-1569. With an initial fleet of four vessels and force of 200 soldiers, 150 sailors and five religious, Legaspi established an outpost in Cebu. During the next four years, his contact with the peninsula was maintained through the voyages of his ships which carried spices and dispatches to Mexico and Spain and returned with reinforcements and provisions. The fledgling colony survived on tribute collected from the native villages in Cebu and nearby islands, overcoming resistance with help from friendlier natives. However, there was a development that nearly spelled the doom of the colony – the Spaniards were being starved in Cebu. Rather than cooperate with them, the natives fled to the mountains, while those who remained simply refused to plant crops or trade with them. It came to a point when Legaspi’s men were reduced to eating rats and cats. In 1568, a Portuguese fleet dropped anchor in Cebu and laid siege on the settlement. The Portuguese were claiming that the islands lay within the demarcation line intended for Portugal by the Treaty of Zaragosa in 1529. But they were not able to break Spanish resolve to stay. They lifted the siege months later in January 1569 when they themselves ran out of provisions. Feeling vulnerable to the Portuguese in their present site, Legaspi decided to transfer the colony to Panay which abounded in food. The expedition moves to Panay – 1569. In 1569, the Spaniards crossed the sea to the island of Panay. There, they continued to levy tribute, their companies spread thinly in Panay and neighboring islands for the purpose. Among the  conquistadors  with Legaspi, the most celebrated were the  maistre de campo  Martin de Goiti and the young, dashing Juan Salcedo, brother of Felipe de Salcedo and grandson of Legaspi, who explored most of Luzon and whose love affair with Lakan Dula’s niece, Princess Candarapa, became the stuff of which legends were made. Salcedo left their base camp in Panay in late 1569 with a company of 40 soldiers. He reached Mindoro and its nearby islets, subduing the natives and plundering the rich village of Mamburao with the cutting-edge weapon of their day, the arquebus, and their usual auxiliaries of  Pintados, the Visayan natives allied with the Spaniards. Salcedo returned to Panay in May 1570, there to meet with Legaspi and the  maistre de campo  Goiti who had also arrived from another expedition to discuss the final leg of their odyssey in the islands – the conquest of Luzon and the thriving community of Manila which, with its 4,000 inhabitants, was under the rule of a Muslim noble named Rajah Soliman. On May 3, Goiti and Salcedo sailed out of Panay in two small ships with a hundred soldiers and accompanied by a fleet of 14 or 15 vessels of the  Pintados. They again passed through Mindoro which remained hostile and attacked its principal village whose inhabitants took a refuge behind walls mounted with some columns. But that was all their firepower. The natives were armed with badly tempered lances which could not penetrate a good coat of mail and daggers and arrows which the Spaniards dismissed as weapons of little value. Defeated, they became willing vassals of the Spaniards and paid tribute to them.