Factors Affecting The Frequency Of Digital Oscilloscope Information Technology Essay

Factors Affecting The Frequency Of digital reach In weeation Technology EssayOscilloscopes ar criterion equipment which displays electric wheel forms on a screen like a small Television. An cathode-ray cathode-ray reach is known as CRO, DSO, scope or an O-scope. Its common usage is to observe wave shapes of intercommunicate. There are four sections in an oscilloscope the vertical and horizontal controls trigger controls and finally the display screen (the screen consists of cathode ray tube). The seek on oscilloscope has been done through books, internet, magazines etc. Karl Braun was the inventor of oscilloscope in 1897 (http//inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/Karl_Braun.htm). The main sector oscilloscopes utilise in are engineering, medicine, telecommunications and science. In October 2010 Tektronix Inc manufacturer of oscilloscopes discovered that series of digital and mixed signal oscilloscopes that now deliver 100 GS/s try rate performance. This enables wrea k off noise along with increased info points on 5x oversampled 20 GHz acquisitions (http//www.prlog.org/11013155-tektronix-raises-bar-for-oscilloscope-sampling-rates-signal-integrity.html) There are some(prenominal) numbers of oscilloscope e.g. digital, line of latitudeues, dual beam, mixed signal etc. This reports main focus will be the design and operating principle of digital storage oscilloscope. Firstly the report will run into into how the oscilloscope works, and then it will follow on to how its designed and finally how to sterilize it up.A digital oscilloscope is a measuring instrument that uses binary numbers which writes to samples of the electromotive force. ADC (analogue to digital converter) is used to change the analogue data into digital data then it makes the signal digitally. For it to be displayed in the screen its then converted stand to analogue. A digital oscilloscope has its limitation to performing just like an analogue oscilloscope. There is a limit to the oftenness which it give the sack work up to. The limits of frequency are affected by analog bandwidth front-end section which is known as -3 dB pointand sampling rate of the oscilloscope,the samples is taken in well-ordered breaks. When the sample rate is high, the frequency increases on screen.Factors affecting the frequency of digital oscilloscopeBandwidth specificationOscilloscope sample rateBandwidth specificationThe bandwidth specification determines the frequency range which the scope (oscilloscope) measures accurately in the display. As the frequency is increasing the oscilloscope accuracy decreases. The bandwidth is mainly defined as a drop of 3 decibels (dB) or sensitivity at lower frequency at 0.707. Bandwidth in Hz x evolve time in seconds = 0.35. E.g. to resolve an oscilloscope pulses with the rise of 2 nanosecond would have a bandwidth of 700MHz. but for a digital oscilloscope the sampling rate would have to be ten times higher frequency to resolve. E.g. 10mega sample/second would measure up to 1 megahertz of signals.Oscilloscope sample RateThe oscilloscope sampling rate indicates on digital oscilloscopes how many samples per second the analog to digital converter can gain. The faster it can sample, the accurate the results are displayed for fast signal. The maximum sample rate is given by MS/s which is mega samples per second. The minimum sample rate might come in handy if you need to look at signals changing slowly. The sampling rate can be change by the controls (sec/div) on the oscilloscope.digital storage oscilloscopeThe digital storage oscilloscope is of the three digital oscilloscopes but DSO is the conventional form of digital oscilloscope. Its screen is like a computer monitor or TV screen as it uses raster type screen. By employ the raster screen its helps to display images that fill the whole screen and it may overwhelm text on the screen. (www.Radio-electronics.com). First you have to store the wave form in the digital form at to get the raster type display on screen. As a result of storing the waveform form digitally it can be processed by the oscilloscope or by connecting to a computer. This enables a high mark of processing to be achieved, and the required display provided very easily and often with a very specious processing platform. It also enables the waveform to be retained indefinitely, unlike the analogue scopes for which the waveform could only be stored for a very limited time. (www.Radio-electronics.com).The operation of the digital storage oscilloscope is pretty simple, The first branch the signal enters within the scope is the vertical amplifier where some analogue signal conditioning is undertaken to scale and part the waveform. Next this signal is applied to an analogue to digital converter (ADC). (www.Radio-electronics.com). The samples are taken at fixture intervals. The sampling rate is important because it determines the resolution of the signal. The samples are taken in per s econd or MS/s (mega sample rate). All the samples are stored within is the oscilloscope as waveform points, and several samples of waveform make up a single waveform point. The overall waveform is stored as a waveform record and its start is governed by the trigger, its finish being determined by the horizontal time install time. (www.Radio-electronics.com).The digital storage oscilloscope is an in the digital format which means there is a signal processor. With having a signal processor it helps to process the signal in different ways, before it passes the display store and the display.Digital storage oscilloscopewww.doctronics.co.ukControls of digital storage oscilloscopeScreen this is where all the waveform signals are displayed by using the X axis and Y axis.www.photoshelter.comSwitch to wreak ON the oscilloscope and to turn OFF.X-Y control its used to display component characteristic curves. Its mainly used for output position.TV-separation it allows the display to be sh own on TV system so it can compare signals different points.TIME / DIV by using this control V/t graph horizontal scale can be changed.Trigger controls it allows the oscilloscope display to be coordinated with the signal you want to look into.Intensity and focus this control is used to change the brightness of the scope by fructifying it.X-POS by using this control the whole V/t graph can be moved side to side.X-MAG horizontal scale of the V/t graph is increased by 10 times in the IN position.CAL outputs -the top terminal gives square wave at 0.2V peak to peak but the lower terminal gives square wave of 2V peak to peak at 50 Hz.Component tester A changing voltage is provided by the output socket to allow component characteristic curves to be displayed.Y-POS I and Y-POS II this control allows the effect outcome to move up or downInvert when its invert the waveform signal on the screen is turned upside down.CH I and CH II inputs using the BNC plugs the signals are connecte d to the BNC input socket. The little socket is called earth or ground.VOLTS / DIV independently the vertical scales for CH I and CH II can be adjusted.DC/AC/GND slide switches In the DC position, the signal input is connected directly to the Y-amplifier of the corresponding channel, CH I or CH II. In the AC position, a capacitor is connected into the signal pathway so that DC voltages are blocked and only changing AC signals are displayed (www.doctronics.co.uk)Trace selection switches settings of control switches for oscilloscope screen.How to set up an oscilloscopeFirst you warm up the oscilloscope by switching it on. At this give do not connect any input leads.Select the DC/AC/GND switch to DC (the Y-input)Select the X-Y/SWP to SWP (sweep) prepare the trigger level to AUTOSelect the trigger source to INT (the Y input, internal)Put 5V/cm at the Y-AMPLIFIERPut the TIMEBASE to 10ms/cmSelect 1 or Cal for the time base VRIABLE control.to social function out the middle of the scr een adjust the Y-SHIFT (up/down) and X SHIFT (left/right)to brighten up the focus adjust the INTENSITY and FOCUSnow the oscilloscope is ready to gohttp//www.kpsec.freeuk.com/cro.htmDigital storage oscilloscopeDigital Phosphor OscilloscopeBandwidths100MHz 200MHz500 MHz, 300 MHz, 100 MHz take rate2GS/s Real Time5 GS/sChannels2 or 4 Channels2 or 4 Channels8 Hours of Continuous Battery act with Two Batteries Installed, Hot Swappable for Virtually Unlimited Freedom from AC Line PowerFull VGA contort LCD on all ModelsOptional Power Application Software offers the Broadest Range of Power measurements at its Price PointBuilt-in Floppy Disk Drive for well-off Storage and DocumentationMeasurementQuickly Document and Analyze Measurement Results with OpenChoice Software or Integrated CompactFlash Mass Storage21 Automatic MeasurementsFast Fourier TransformFFT Standard on All ModelsFFT for Frequency and Harmonic AnalysisTriggers march on Triggers to Quickly Capture the Event of InterestAdva nced Triggers, such as, Glitch, Width, and LogicTraditional, Analog-style Knobs and Multilanguage User Interface for Easy OperationMulti-Language User InterfaceQuick Setup and Operation with Auto set identity card, Auto range, wave shape and Setup Memories, and Built-in, Context-sensitive HelpQuick Menu User Interface Mode for Quick, Easy OperationBacklit Menu Buttons for High Visibility9-bit Vertical Resolution11 of the Most Critical Automatic Waveform MeasurementsTelecommunications overwhelm Testing (TMT)Centronics Port Standard on all Models for Quick, Convenient HardcopiesExtended Video Application moduleSupport for Active Probes, Differential Probes, and Current Probes that Provide Automatic Scaling and UnitsDigital Phosphor Oscilloscopehttp//infrared.als.lbl.gov/ essence/PDF/equipment/Tektronix_TDS3052_Data_Sheet.pdfDigital storage oscilloscopehttp//www2.tek.com/cmswpt/psdetails.lotr?ct=pscs=psuci=13304lc=EN